What is Infertility?
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse or in a couple who has previously achieved a conception.
It affects approximately 10-15% of the population worldwide and can involve factors from both partners while in some rare cases, no cause may be identified.

Common Causes of Infertility
In Women:

• Hormonal imbalances (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome – PCOS, abnormal breast discharge – Prolactinoma)
• Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes (from infections, surgery, or endometriosis)
• Problems with ovulation (irregular or absent menstrual cycles)
• Uterine abnormalities (fibroids, polyps, adhesions)
• Age-related decline in egg quality

In Men:

• Low sperm count or poor sperm motility
• Blockages in the sperm ducts
• Hormonal or endocrine disorders
• Testicular injury or infections
• Excessive alcohol, smoking, or drug abuse

Risk Factors

• Age: Fertility naturally declines after 35 in women and after 40 in men.
• Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol, drug use, poor diet, and lack of exercise.
• Obesity or being underweight: Both can affect ovulation and sperm quality.
• Chronic illnesses: Diabetes, thyroid disease, hypertension, immunosuppression etc.
• Stress: High stress levels can interfere with hormone balance.

Tips to Improve Fertility Naturally

• Maintain a healthy weight (BMI within normal range 18-25).
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Exercise regularly but avoid extreme physical activity.
• Reduce or eliminate smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs.
• Get adequate sleep and manage stress through relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, or counseling.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to environmental toxins (chemicals, pesticides, radiation).

When to Seek Medical Help

• No pregnancy after 12 months of trying.
• Irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
• Known reproductive health issues (PCOS, fibroids, endometriosis, varicocele).
• History of pelvic infections, surgery, or testicular problems.
• Recurrent pregnancy loss (two or more miscarriages).

Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and at Southern Gem Hospital, our gynecologists are here to evaluate and provide necessary care as it pertains to your condition.

Remember: Infertility is not a stigma. It is a shared journey and both partners should be evaluated and supported. It is a medical condition that can be managed with lifestyle changes, medical treatment, or assisted reproductive technology. Early consultation with a healthcare provider improves the chances of successful treatment.

As always, your wellbeing is our priority.
Dr. Adeosun
Southern Gem Hospital